RD-blog-number-2717 by Herb Zinser
Dirac 4 x 4 math DNA matrices
The 4 DNA nucleotides are composed of atoms and existence in a EARTH LAB mathematical-physics space/time continuum.
Thus…the primordial atomic of source DNA.
Nature’s atomic bio-physics engineers designed and built
A key feature of DNA are the 4 nucleotides.
DNA – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule encoding the genetic instructions … Genetic information is encoded as a sequence of nucleotides (guanine, ….. Since there are 4 bases in 3-letter combinations, there are 64 possible codons ( 4 math exponent 3 = 64)
Nucleic acid – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid
They include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). … and forensic science, as well as the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. … The basic component of biological nucleic acids is the nucleotide, each of which …
What are the four types of nucleotides of DNA
wiki.answers.com › Wiki Answers › Categories › Science › Biology
Why are there four types of nucleotides in DNA? Over eons of evolutionary history, nature decided that four nucleotides provides the right balance. What are the …
Introduction to DNA Structure
www.blc.arizona.edu/molecular_graphics/dna…/dna_tutorial.html
There are four different types of nucleotides found in DNA, differing only in the nitrogenous base. The four nucleotides are given one letter abbreviations as …
Scientists Just Added Four New Letters to the Genetic Code
By Edd Gent -Feb 24, 201925,692
A four-letter alphabet might seem limited, but it’s all nature needed to write the instructions for all life on the planet. News that researchers have added four letters to the genetic alphabet opens the door to new possibilities in synthetic biology, data storage, and even the search for life beyond our planet.
The genetic code at the heart of all living things is elegantly simple. Each half of the famous double helix structure is built from four small molecules called bases: adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine (ATCG). The order in which they appear determines what the DNA codes for, just like series of zeros and ones at the hearts of computers do.
But now scientists at the Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution in Florida have successfully
added four new bases to create what they are calling “hachi-moji DNA” (eight-letter DNA in Japanese), doubling the potential information density of genetic code.
This isn’t the first attempt at expanding the genetic code. In 2014, scientists at the Scripps Research Institute in California unveiled DNA with two extra bases, and in 2017 they showed that they could get bacteria to use this code to build proteins that don’t exist in nature. But the new work not only adds an extra two bases, it also sticks more closely to the blueprint used by nature.
The double helix of DNA is held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases—A pairs with T and C pairs with G.
The Scripps research used water-repelling molecules that stick together but repel the other bases. These bases need to be sandwiched between natural bases, so it’s not possible to have extended stretches of unnatural bases limiting what they can code for.
Hachi-moji DNA, however, uses hydrogen bonds just like natural DNA to link its two new pairs—S with B and P with Z—and the bases are also capable of appearing next to each other. Because DNA is read in triplets of bases called codons, each of which codes for a particular amino acid, this significantly increases the number of potential codons compared to the previous approach: 512 compared to conventional DNA’s 64.
The experiments also suggest hachi-moji DNA preserves all the key characteristics required to support Darwinian evolution, crucial for supporting life. The bases pair reliably, the structure remains stable regardless of the sequence of bases, and they’ve demonstrated that it can be copied into RNA.
That’s crucial, because while DNA holds the blueprints for an organism, in order for cells to do anything with that information it has to be converted into the mobile, single-stranded molecule RNA, which can act as instructions for protein factories called ribosomes or can help regulate genes.
In terms of potential uses for the new letters, the possibilities are broad. All of nature’s complexity has been created from the 20 amino acids conventional DNA can produce (multiple codons code for the same amino acid). New codons make it possible to code for new amino acids with novel properties, which could enable everything from more powerful medicines and industrial catalysts to more outlandish ideas, like electrically-conducting proteins.
Scientists Just Added Four New Letters to the Genetic Code
singularityhub.com › 2019/02/24 › scientists-just-added…
Feb 24, 2019 – Eight-letter DNA uses hydrogen bonds just like natural DNA to link its … But now scientists at the Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution in …
Scientists create an
expanded 8-letter DNA genetic code …
sitn.hms.harvard.edu › flash › scientists-create-expande…
Feb 27, 2019 – Life as we know it uses 4 bases called A, C, T, and G. Recently, scientists expanded this alphabet to include 8 bases – 4 natural and 4 artificial ..with David Letter Letterman television comedy bases.
What are the four types of nucleotides of Dirac North America
wiki.answers.com › Wiki Answers › Categories › Science › Biology
Why are there four types of nucleotides in DNA?
ver eons of evolutionary history, nature decided that
four nucleotides provides the right balance. What are the …
Introduction to DNA Structure
www.blc.arizona.edu/molecular_graphics/dna…/dna_tutorial.html
There are four different types of nucleotides found in DNA, differing only in the nitrogenous base. The four nucleotides are given one letter abbreviations as …
Image for dna 4 nucleotides
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Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac 8 August 1902 Bristol, England |
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20 October 1984 (aged 82) Tallahassee, Florida, USA |
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United Kingdom |
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Switzerland (1902–19) United Kingdom (1919–84) |
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Images for dna 4 nucleotides
Dirac Matrices
The Dirac matrices are a class of 
matrices which arise in quantum electrodynamics. There are a variety of different symbols used, and Dirac matrices are also known as gamma matrices or Dirac gamma matrices.
The Dirac matrices 
may be implemented in a future version of Mathematica as DiracGammaMatrix[n], where 
, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
The Dirac matrices are defined as the 
matrices
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(1) |
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(2) |
where 
are the (
) Pauli matrices, 
is the 
identity matrix, 
, 2, 3, and 
is the Kronecker product. Explicitly, this set of Dirac matrices is then given by
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![[1 0 0 0; 0 1 0 0; 0 0 1 0; 0 0 0 1]](http://region12.herbzinser07.com/dir/science03-optics/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2020/08/img_5f24ba5e30302.gif)
![[0 1 0 0; 1 0 0 0; 0 0 0 1; 0 0 1 0]](http://region12.herbzinser07.com/dir/science03-optics/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2020/08/img_5f24ba5ebf0e2.gif)
![[0 -i 0 0; i 0 0 0; 0 0 0 -i; 0 0 i 0]](http://region12.herbzinser07.com/dir/science03-optics/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2020/08/img_5f24ba5f4b4ad.gif)
Dirac Matrices and Feynman’s Rest of the Universe
arxiv.org › quant-ph
by YS Kim – 2012
Oct 23, 2012 – Abstract: There are two sets of four-by-four matrices introduced by Dirac. The first set consists of fifteen Majorana matrices derivable from his …
two sets of four-by-four matrices —> two (Double helix) ….. four (4 nitrogenous bases)
Super-symmetry physics … mirrors and parallels suggest
Gamma matrices
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In mathematical physics, the gamma matrices, 
, also known as the Dirac matrices, are a set of conventional matrices with specific anticommutation relations that ensure they generate a matrix representation of the Clifford algebra Cℓ1,3(R). It is also possible to define higher-dimensional gamma matrices. When interpreted as the matrices of the action of a set of orthogonal basis vectors for contravariant vectors in Minkowski space, the column vectors on which the matrices act become a space of spinors, on which the Clifford algebra of spacetime acts. This in turn makes it possible to represent infinitesimal spatial rotations and Lorentz boosts. Spinors facilitate spacetime computations in general, and in particular are fundamental to the Dirac equation for relativistic spin-½ particles.
In Dirac representation, the four contravariant gamma matrices are
Could the above 4 math matrices be the precursor to the existence of the 4 nucleotides?
Did Nature have mathematical-physics engineering diagram (an archtitectural drawing) that it used ….. to build the similar configured 4 molecular structures
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So that was the scientific introduction, now lets start with the basics. Nucleotides are molecules that, when joined, make up the individual structural units of the nucleic acids RNA and DNA. We have
four different nucleotides;
adenine (A),
thymine (T),
cytosine (C) and
guanine (G). To serve some chemistry with this, here are the chemical formulas:
- The Dirac equation
fias.uni-frankfurt.de/~brat/LecturesWS1011/Lecture10.pdf
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat – Quick View
or unitary transformations of (10). Accordingly, the αk, β must be at least 4×4 matrices. In Pauli-Dirac standard notation (with 2×2 submatrices) these are given by … -
4 x 4 matrices in Dirac parametrization: inversion problem and …
arxiv.org › hep-th
by VM Red’kov – 2007 – Cited by 2 – Related articles
Sep 22, 2007 – In the given parametrization, the problem of inverting any 4 x 4 matrix G is solved. Expression for determinant of any matrix G is found: det G …
Thus many questions exist about the possible relationships between LEVELS of existence …that are interrelated ….
atomic LEVEL <—-> DNA level.
What information is known? Let’s ASK atomic English language for some possible CLUES about these LINKS…
Dirac and math / bio-math matrices …….algebra subset alphabet symbols
D……and…………………….ma..rice …………………………………
D permutation and –> DNA maurice Wilkins
Thus we that Darwinian evolution of math matrices resulted in the existence of maurice with DNA affiliations …… this we see his role in Nature’s larger drama performance.
Nature gives us the math word:
Matrices –> Ma + (add) rice structures …now the math concept of addition and union are similair
Thus the concept symbols + (addition) is equivalent to U (union of sets)
Thus we see the transfomation from different levels of existential format
START with Dirac matrices ( D matrices)
Matrices —> Ma + rice s …………….. Darwin transitions to another viewing level
Matrices —-> Ma u rice structure …thus the Maurice structure below
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Maurice Wilkins |
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Maurice Wilkins |
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15 December 1916 |
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5 October 2004 (aged 87) |
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X-ray diffraction, DNA |
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Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins CBE FRS (15 December 1916 – 5 October 2004)[1] was a New Zealand-born English physicist
was a New Zealand-born
was a New Zealand-born
was a New Z = atomic number expression with Max BORN
Symbolism – Merriam-Webster Online
www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/symbolism
the art or practice of using symbols especially by investing things with a symbolic meaning or
by expressing the invisible or intangible by means of visible
- Atomic number – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_number
The atomic number, Z, should not be confused with the mass number, A, which … Atoms having the same atomic number Z but different neutron number N, and … History – Chemical properties – New elements – See also -
Z (Atomic number) – Medical Dictionary – The Free Dictionary
medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Z+(Atomic+number)
number /num·ber/ (num´ber) a symbol, as a figure or word, expressive of a certain value or a specified quantity determined by count. -
Advanced perceptions of periodic atomic table atomic geography maps …. New Zeal –> Zealand
Z (Atomic number) – The Free Dictionary
www.thefreedictionary.com/Z+(Atomic+number)
The number of protons in an atomic nucleus. atomic number. n. (Physics / General Physics) the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element.
